〈高雄ポップミュージックセンター(Kaohsiung Pop Music Center)〉は、台湾において強いアイデンティティをもつポップミュージックを、港湾都市である高雄に新たな文化的側面とするために建てられた建築です。
高雄は台湾最大の港を有し、都市の中心部を流れる愛河や、1年を通して湿度が60%から80%という気候が特徴的な地域であることから、「サンゴのような屋根」や「クジラのようなライブハウス」、「イルカのようなレストラン」など、水に関連するモチーフを採用した建築とすることで独自の風景をつくり出しています。
スペインの建築家マヌエル・A・モンテセリン・ラホス(Manuel A. Monteserín Lahoz)がリードアーキテクトを務めたプロジェクトです。
(以下、Manuel A. Monteserín Lahozから提供されたプレスキットのテキストの抄訳)
〈高雄ポップミュージックセンター〉は、台湾南部の港湾都市である高雄に位置し、愛河の河口に隣接している。台湾最大の港を有する高雄は、都市の中心部を流れる愛河や、1年を通して湿度が60%から80%という気候が特徴的な地域である。
経済的にも環境的にも水が生活の中心となっているこの特殊な地域に建つ建築として、〈高雄ポップミュージックセンター〉では、海から抽出した幾何学模様をもつ風景を提案している。
台湾ではその歴史と地政学的な状況から、多くの文化的要素が共存する独自のスタイルや伝統を確立しており、ポップミュージックは、この台湾において強いアイデンティティをもっている。このプロジェクトは、港湾地域である高雄に新たな文化的側面を与えようという、市議会、文化省、台湾中央政府の共同の取り組みにより実現した。
〈高雄ポップミュージックセンター〉は以下の5つの要素で構成されている。
複合施設全体は必要なプログラムに対応するように設計されているだけでなく、コンサートのない日でも自発的な活動ができるよう配慮されており、外部にさまざまな出会いの場を創出している。
グレートウェーブは、12,000人収容の屋外ホールと3,500人収容の屋根付きコンサートホールと、それぞれのホールに接する2棟のタワーで構成されている。屋外ホールの観客は緑の芝生エリアに分散しており、地形的な微細なジェスチャーによって、さまざまなショーやイベントに適応するフレキシブルな空間となっている。また、屋外ホールのステージは低いタワーに収容することができる。
高いタワーとその基部である屋根付きコンサートホールは、六角形が折り重なる外皮に包まれており、地面から切り離されていることで建物へのアクセス性を向上している。
これらの2棟のタワーは、〈高雄ポップミュージックセンター〉における最も象徴的な要素であり、リハーサル室、オフィス、展示会場など、音楽業界に特化したスペースを有している。
街のスカイラインの一部となるこれらのタワーは、どこからでも容易に認識することができ、灯台のようにゲストを港に導く。
六角形で構成された幾何学的な外皮は、ホールの屋根という水平面とタワーのファサード面に連続性を与えることに加え、建物に対するスケールの知覚に変化を及ぼす。階高に合わせて反復するファサードではないため、周囲に建つ建物との関連性を推測することは難しく、まるで別の惑星から現れた存在のようにも思わせる。
海を見渡すことができるライブハウス ホエールズは、イベントやコンサート、プレゼンテーションなどを行うことができる建物である。大2棟、中2棟、小2棟の計6棟があり、地下の広い駐車場でつながっている。
これらのライブハウスの最大の特徴は、登ることができる緑の屋根である。湾につながる道路沿いに現れる緑の背中は、港に沈む夕日を見るために、通行人をクジラの背中に誘うのである。
ドルフィンズは、愛河で分断された2つのエリアをつなぐ歩道橋に沿うように配置されている。レストランを併設した5頭のイルカは、柱により地上から持ち上げられており、歩道橋へは自由に出入りが可能となっている。
枝分かれする柱で支えられた六角形の大屋根が特徴的なザ・コーラルは、展示や商業活動が行われるクローズドな空間と、露店やストリートダンスのような自然発生的な活動が行われる日陰のオープンな空間を有している。
スパンを大きく確保できる枝分かれした柱と、六角形のモジュールによるフレキシビリティは、プロセスを通じて発生するプログラムや建物への修正・変更に対して、非常に汎用的で適応性の高いデザインを生み出す鍵となった。この適応性は、将来的に異なるプログラムに対応するための鍵にもなるだろう。
このプロジェクトは、愛河の河口に遊歩道と大きな公園を備えた総合的な都市デザインをもたらすものでもある。台湾は湿度の高い熱帯気候であるため、数年後には緑豊かな植物が生い茂り、環境汚染の影響を受けている工業都市における重要な肺の1つとなることが期待される。
また、プロジェクトの実施から完了までの全期間において、来場者が撮影した画像をソーシャルネットワークを通じて共有するという取り組みを行った。〈高雄ポップミュージックセンター〉をどのように語りたいか、ユーザー自身が決めるポップな万華鏡となったのである。
以下、Manuel A. Monteserín Lahozのリリース(英文)です。
Kaohsiung Pop Music Center
Location: Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Year: 2021
Customer: Kaohsiung City Government
Status: Constructed work
Type: Cultural
Constructed area: 88.000 m²
Awards: First prize in the competition
Budget: 100.000.000 €Next to the mouth of the Love River, the project is located in the port city of Kaohsiung, in southern Taiwan.
In this particular enclave where water is the central axis of Taiwanese life -both economically with the largest port in Taiwan, and at the urban level with the Love River drawing a dividing line between the two parts of the city, and at the environmental level where the relative humidity ranges between 60% and 80% – the Pop Music Center proposes a landscape of geometries rescued from the seabed. Foams, corals, seaweed, waves and aquatic animals are arranged on the surface and specialize in specific uses, so each piece manifests its own personality and a formal challenge and, at the same time, is integrated into a common ecosystem.The joint effort between the City Council, the Ministry of Culture and Central Government of Taiwan to give the Kaohsiung port area a new cultural dimension has reached its peak with the center dedicated to pop music. The pop music industry has a strong identity in the society of this part of Asia. In Taiwan, due to its history and geopolitical situation, has developed a unique style, where many cultural elements coexist and in which its own tradition is increasingly being claimed. In the same way, the project, filters the tradition between iconic architectures and, at the same time, proposes a flexible design in which the program can fit but also the cultural reappropriation of the users.
The architectural ecosystem that make up The Kaohsiung Pop Music Center are,
1. The GREAT WAVE, with an outdoor auditorium for 12,000 people, a concert hall for 3,500 people and two towers with an office program, a museum and rehearsal rooms.
2. WHALES, six live houses for events, concerts or presentations.
3. DOLPHINS, five restaurants connected by a walkway.
4. The CORAL or Exhibit, an exhibition center and outdoor multipurpose area.
5. A series of parks and walks which connect the entire intervention.The entire complex is designed to respond to the program, but also to allow spontaneous activities to take place when there are no concerts. In this way, the architectural pieces accommodate the interior rooms and, at the same time, tturn onto the exterior generating different meeting spaces.
1. The GREAT WAVE. Two auditoriums and two towers in Kaohsiung.
The GREAT WAVE consists of two large auditoriums -one open-air with a capacity of 12,000 people and the other covered for 3,500 people – and two towers which top each of the auditoriums respectively.
The outdoor auditorium is set on a green mantle. The spectators are distributed throughout the green area, which becomes, with small topographical gestures, the most flexible space adapted to the different shows and groups of people. The smaller tower houses the stage and closes the intervention.
The covered auditorium functions as the great plinth on which the tallest tower emerges. Its outer skin folds through the hexagonal geometry and is detached from the ground allowing access to the building. The lobby space is between the outer skin and the concert hall. The concert hall, on the other hand, opens up like a fan with five separate bleacher blocks. Between them is the connection with the lobby. The design of the hexagonal grid that forms the roof of the auditorium continues drawing the facade of the main tower.
The two towers are the most iconic element of the Kaohsiung Pop Music Center. They distribute the spaces dedicated to the music industry: rehearsal rooms, offices, exhibitions, etc. Each one emerges respectively from one of the auditoriums: the highest one gives continuity to the Concert Hall while the smaller one serves as a backdrop for the open-air auditorium. The towers were initially conceived separately, but their position had to be rethought to protect the adjoining residential areas from the acoustic impact. Finally, they were placed back to back, creating a crack between them as a large access atrium. These towers are part of the city skyline and can be easily recognized from any point, leading the visitor to the port, like a great lighthouse.
The hexagonal geometry skin, in addition to allowing continuity between the horizontal plane of the auditorium roof and the tower’s façade plane, achieves a change of perception in the scale of the building. It is difficult to measure it with the naked eye in relation to the other buildings in the immediate surroundings because its measurement parameters are not determined by floors separated by three meters. It is a being from another planet peeking between the prismatic blocks of the city.
2. WHALES. Live Houses in Kaohsiung.
The Live Houses or “whales”, are a series of spaces which overlook the sea to organize events, concerts or presentations. They were the first pieces to be completed (in 2017) of the entire complex. There are six of them, two large (XL), two medium (M) and two small (S) and they are connected by a large parking lot in the basement.
The most characteristic feature of the Live Houses are their green roofs, which are also walkable. The green backs of the whales appear on the streets leading into the bay, curving the skyline of the city and inviting passers-by to climb on their backs to watch the sunset over the port.
At the urban level, the whales are set back several meters from the edge to allow for a large pedestrian promenade by the sea. The uses are mixed and combined: while the promenade is filled with food trucks and street food stalls, on the decks of the Live Houses you can find electronic music dance sessions and inside, attend video game presentations or jazz concerts.
3. DOLPHINS. Kaohsiung Pop Music Center Restaurants
The Dolphins run parallel to the tram throughout the Kaohsiung Pop Music Center. They are a backbone that sews the two large areas divided by the Love River.
The five Dolphins, with restaurant use, are raised on pillars leaving free access to the enclosure around the perimeter. From the footbridge which connects them, you can walk along them having a different perspective of the bay and cross to the other side of the river.
4. The CORAL (Exhibit). Kaohsiung Exhibition Center.
The Coral occupies the central area of the Kaohsiung Pop Music Center. It is a large roof made up of hexagonal umbrellas supported by branched pillars (taking Frei Otto’s as a reference).
It is the piece that has undergone the most modifications from its initial design to its final phase. In the competition phase, The Coral was proposed as a green and walkable roof under which a night market (street food and leisure market typical in Taiwan) would be housed. This market would guarantee life and animation in the bay on days when there were no concerts or activities scheduled. After the competition was awarded, the government suggested to build a large enclosed and air-conditioned exhibition hall (heated spaces are very common in Taiwan due to the tropical climate).
In the end, it was decided to keep the roof as the most effective design to combine enclosed spaces, which contain commercial and exhibition program, and shaded open spaces where, spontaneously, a great diversity of activities take place (street markets, street dances, theaters, etc.). The branched pillars which allow very few supports and large spans and the hexagonal module flexibility have been key to generate a very versatile and adaptable design to the modifications of the program and the surface that have been occurring throughout the process. This adaptability will also be key to accommodate different programs in the future.
5. THE PARKS AND WALKS
The project culminates in a comprehensive urban design with promenades and a large park at the mouth of the Love River. Taiwan’s humid tropical climate ensures that in a few years the area will be populated with lush vegetation and could become one of the most important lungs of an industrial city so affected by pollution.
THE HISTORY OF THE PROJECT
In these ten years, since the competition was won until the construction of the entire Pop Music Center complex has been completed, many things have happened, it has been quite an adventure with very complicated moments and other very satisfying ones. Yorokobu published this article (https://www.yorokobu.es/ciudad-del-pop-taiwan/) which tells that other story that is also part of the project, as much as its design and execution.
ABOUT DIFFUSION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
During the whole period of project execution until its culmination, the chosen decision was to share, through social networks, the images created by the visitors. A pop kaleidoscope for the users themselves decide how they want to narrate The Pop Music Center
CREDITS:
Arquitecto/Architect Team Leader: Manuel A. Monteserín Lahoz
Architects/Arquitectos: Beatriz pachón Castrillo, Javier Simó de PedroSocio Local: Mark Ongg
Partner and project manager/socio y gestión de proyecto: EDDEA
Team: Manuel Alvarez-Monteserín lahoz, Beatriz Pachon Castrillo, Javier Simó de Pedro , 謝孟翰 Meng Han Hsieh, 呂致遠 Jose Lu, 紀彥竹 Yen Chu A’lvaro, 黃卓仁 Joren Huang, 詹育霖 Yu-Lin Chan, 李宗霖 Tsung-Lin Lee, Iñigo Redondo, Luis Marcos, Alicia Domingo, Beatriz Crespo, José María De Cárdenas, Luis Ybarra Gutiérrez, José Luis López de Lemus, José Carlos Oliva Garrido, Tomás Osborne Ruiz, Marian Bada Sánchez, Antonio Miguel García Librero, María Castro Hormigo, Manuel Tirado Crespo, Rosa Cantillana Merchante, Marco Antonio García Gálvez, Salvador Sanchez Gonzalez, Rubén Silva Lobato, Alejandra Díaz de Cárdenas, Esther Espejo Lucena, Fernando Gallinato Díaz, Isabel García Madrona, Angel Linares Gar´cia, José Buzón González, Carmen Zammarchi, Luis García Rodríguez
Team competition/Equipo concurso: Manuel Alvarez-Monteserín lahoz, Beatriz Pachón Castrillo, Javier Simó de Pedro, Luis Marcos Nieto, Iñigo Redondo Barranco, Alicia Domingo Medrano, Beatriz Crespo, Guiomar Contreras, Ismael García Abad, Angel Abruña, Jaime López, María Mallo Zurdo, Juan Ignacio Alvarez Monteserin Lahoz, Jorge López, Laura Martin, Teresa Santas, Sara Perez, Lain Satrustegui, Andrés Infantes, Antonio Alejandro
Joint venture: Manuel Alvarez-Monteserín lahoz, Javier Simó de pedro, Andrés Infantes, Corona Pamaral, Mark Ongg
Consultants
Structural Consultant: BAC ENGINEERING CONSULTANCY GROUP, 科建聯合工程顧問有限公司 Tec-Build United Structure Engineer Office, 聯邦工程顧問股份有限公司 Federal Engineering Consultant Inc.
MEP Consultant: 美商栢誠國際(股)台灣分公司Parsons Brinckerhoff
Theatre Consultant: 乙太設計顧問有限公司 Yitai Design Consultant
Acoustic Consultant: XU – ACOUSTIQUE 徐氏聲學顧問事務所, 徐亞英 Albert Xu
Transportation Consultant: 美商美聯科技股份有限公司臺灣分公司 Chinese American Technology Corporation, 美華工程科技顧問有限公司 Mei-Hwa Engineering Technology Consultants , Co.
Landscape Consultant: 老圃造園工程股份有限公司Old Farmer Landscape Architecture Co.
Curtain Wall Consultant: 科鐽工程顧問有限公司PKD Engineering Consultants
Lighting Design Consultant: 袁宗南照明設計事務所J.Y. Lighting Design
3D Consultant: 利道科技工程有限公司Leaddao Technology
Environmental Science Consultant: 慧群環境科技股份有限公司 Environmental Science Corporation
Fire Protection Consultant: 巨江防火科技股份有限公司JU JIANG FIREPROOFING TECHNOLOGY CO.,LTD
Wind Tunnel Lab. Consultant: 祺昌工程科技有限公司 Cheetah Industrial Aero-Dyna. Tech Co., Ltd.
Green Building Consultant: 巧矩工程顧問有限公司
「Kaohsiung Pop Music Center」Manuel A. Monteserín Lahoz 公式サイト
https://www.manuelmonteserin.com/kpop