CNCと手斧でつくる現代×伝統技術の木造チャペル

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

チェコの南モラヴィア州に建つ〈ネスヴァチルカの悲しみの聖母礼拝堂（Our Lady of Sorrows Chapel in Nesvačilka）〉は、手斧で削り出した梁とCNC加工で製造された木製ラメラ構造（フレームが木の葉の編み目のように組み上げられた構造）で構成された、伝統と現代の技術を用いてつくられた建築です。

建物の構成は聖母マリアの歩みを表現したものであり、繊細な木造空間に配された小さな窓から、まるでヴェールのような光が来場者の上に降り注ぎます。

プラハを拠点に活動する建築スタジオ RCNKSKが設計しました。

（以下、RCNKSKから提供されたプレスキットのテキストの抄訳）

© Ondřej Bouška

〈ネスヴァチルカの悲しみの聖母礼拝堂〉は、中世の建築様式から着想を得た、中央の自然な円形の聖なる建造物であり、伝統と現代の技術的可能性を結びつけている。

この建造物は、手斧で削り出した梁とCNC加工で製造された木製ラメラ構造で構成されており、石の台座と土間からそびえ立っている。

© Ondřej Bouška

南モラヴィアのなだらかな起伏の広大な風景は、どこまでも続く見渡す限りの野原で構成されている。また、ネシュヴァチルカは、バロック様式で建設されて以来ほとんど変わっておらず、集落が自然に高台に広がり、遠くからも見えるように、当初のレイアウトがそのまま残されている。

敷地の周りには、森や岩は見当たらず、土と畑だけが広がっている。この地域で珍しい石や木材などの自然素材を使用することは、信仰を乾いた風景にもたらすという象徴的な意味をもつ。

私たちは、畑に挟まれた丘の上に、空間的にも精神的な意味でもランドマークとなる中心的な建物を建てるというコンセプトを選定した。

© Ondřej Bouška

聖母の歩みを表現する木造空間

地域の人々は、聖母マリアが耐え忍んだ苦しみを象徴する「悲しみの聖母」を礼拝堂の守護聖母として選んだ。聖母の物語と感情は、この空間に反映されている。

この場所の塵と土で床をつくり、その上に聖堂が建てられている。 建物の下部は、頑固で、言うことを聞かず、成形するのが難しい片麻岩でできており、これらは私たちを表している。

© Ondřej Bouška

これらの石から天に向かって伸びる7本の梁はマリアの七つの悲しみを象徴し、私たちと神を結びつけている。

空からはマリアの涙のヴェールが私たちの上に降り注ぐ。繊細な木造建築には小さな窓が織り込まれ、礼拝堂の中心に常に陽光が差し込むようになっている。

© Ondřej Bouška

伝統と現代の技術を用いた建築

この建造物は、伝統と現代性を融合させている。その建築様式は、中世の建築技術にインスピレーションを得ており、現代のテクノロジーと対話しながら設計されている。床は圧縮された突き固められた土でできており、壁は切り出した石でできている。

1000個の木製パーツから成るラメラ構造は、伝統的なくさびと釘で接合されており、CNCフライス加工で製作された。15mに及ぶ手彫りの梁は空間を自由に横断し、屋根には鋼鉄製の尖塔がそびえている。

© Ondřej Bouška

入口では、高さ5mのドアがダイナミックな空間へと開かれ、梁とラメラ構造が生み出す独特な遠近感は、来訪者を上へ上へと誘う。

この礼拝堂は時を超越している。そこで体験できるのは、光、音、香りの織りなす表現であり、素材は自然で、手触りがよく、職人技が感じられ、日常を超越した体験を生み出す。

素材の選択では、美しく経年変化する能力を重視した。時間がその表面を損なうのではなく、むしろその質を高めるのである。

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

© Ondřej Bouška

以下、RCNKSKのリリース（英文）です。

Project name
Our Lady of Sorrows Chapel in Nesvačilka

Basic description
The central natural circular sacred structure, inspired by medieval construction methods, connects tradition with modern technological possibilities. The construction is made of hand-hewn beams and an innovative wooden lamellar structure produced using CNC machining. It rises from a stone plinth and an earthen floor.

Studio: RCNKSK
Author: Jan Říčný
Contact E-mail: info@rcnksk.com
Website: www.rcnksk.com
Social media: www.instagram/rcnksk.arch, www.facebook.com/RCNKSKarch
Studio address: U Lužického semináře 26, 118 00 Prague, Czech Republic
Co-author: Michal Říčný
Project location: Nesvačilka, 664 54 Těšany
Project country: Czech Republic

Project year: 2012
Completion year: 2024
Built-up area: 150 m²
Gross floor area: 186 m²
Usable floor area: 147 m²
Plot size: 3 750 000 m²
Dimensions: w=13 m / l=15 m / h=15 m / h=27 m [tower steeple incl.]

Client: The Roman Catholic Parish of Moutnice
Client’s website: www.farnostmoutnice.cz
Project website: www.kaplenesvacilka.cz

Photographer: Ondřej Bouška, www.ondrejbouska.com

Collaborator
Structural engineering: Vít Mlázovský, Filip Chmel
Landscape planning: Eva Wagnerová, www.evawagnerova.cz
Carpentry and stonework, EPDM: David Šebesta
CNC production: Karel Hrdlička
Metalwork and steel tower construction: Zámečnictví Fiala, www.zamecnictvifiala.cz, Kovopoláček, www.kovopolacek.cz
Substructure/foundation: Miroslav Klein
Design and production of the chancel elements: Dominik Fiala
Realisation of rammed earth floor construction: Hanno Burtscher, www.earthman.at, Matěj Janský, www.kolemhliny.cz
Furniture: Pavel Abrahámek
Oak gates carpentry and steelwork: Daniel Golík and Jakub Jarcovják
Lighting design and supply: ETNA, www.etna.cz
Quarry stone supplier: HUTIRA, www.hutira.cz
Landscape installation: Jiří Dohnálek
Electrical installation: ELSTAR PLUS, www.elstar-plus.cz
Heating, water supply and sewerage: František Ryšavý
Photovoltaic system installation: Svoboda a syn, www.sasbrno.cz
Security systems: MAXPROGRES, www.maxprogres.cz

Description
For over a hundred years, the people of Nesvačilka longed for a chapel, a place of spiritual reflection, a space where they could gather as a community of faith. Father René Strouhal, together with the parishioners, shared not only this desire but also a vision: to create a building that would not only shape the surrounding landscape but would also influence the culture, society, and heritage of this place. Little did I know at the time that this decision would set us on a twelve-year journey.

The gently undulating landscape of southern Moravia is vast, with endless fields stretching as far as the eye can see. Nesvačilka has changed little since its baroque inception, with its original layout preserving an elevated spot above the village where the settlement naturally ascends and is visible from afar. This site seemed destined to fulfill the baroque ideals of cultivating the land – a land where no forests or rocks are in sight, only soil and fields. The use of natural materials, rare in this region, such as stone and wood, holds symbolic significance: to bring faith into a parched landscape. I chose the concept of a central structure, one that would stand on the hilltop as a beacon, a point of orientation both in space and in spirit.

The locals selected Our Lady of Sorrows as the chapel’s patroness, symbolizing the suffering she endured. Her story and emotions are reflected in the space. Upon the dust and soil of this place, which form the floor, we build a temple. The lower section, made of gneiss stones, represents us – stubborn, disobedient, and difficult to mold. From these stones, seven beams rise toward the heavens, symbolizing the Seven Sorrows of Mary, connecting us to God. From the sky falls a veil of Mary’s tears, weeping over us. The delicate wooden structure, interwoven with small windows, allows sunlight to penetrate the heart of the chapel at all times. The building is encircled by a ring of the Stations of the Cross, complemented by apple trees, which form an avenue leading to the chapel, and an orchard behind it connecting to the surrounding fields.

The structure blends tradition with modernity. The construction is inspired by medieval building techniques, in dialogue with modern technologies. The floor is made of compacted, rammed earth, while the walls are made of quarried stone. The supporting lamellar structure, made from a thousand wooden elements, traditionally joined with pegs and wedges, was crafted using CNC milling. The fifteen-meter-long beams are hand-carved, freely traversing the space, crowned by a steel spire on the roof. Upon entry, you are greeted by five-meter-high doors, open into a dynamic space. The perspective of the beams and surrounding structure draws you upward. The chapel transcends time. What you experience is its expression, the play of light, acoustics, and scent. The materials are natural, tactile, and imbued with craftsmanship, aiming to lift you beyond the everyday. A key factor in material choice was the ability to age beautifully, enhancing rather than diminishing their quality over time.

The entire construction was funded by donations, which extended the building time. However, this period allowed me to critically reassess the design and carefully consider the technical and symbolic aspects, ensuring meticulous execution. Close collaboration with the builders and attention to detail led me to produce both the construction and production documentation, refining the processes in line with financial and technical constraints.

Materials
larch, fir, spruce, oak, ash, birch wood – load-bearing CNC structure, façade, gates, furniture
rammed earth – floor and mensa (altar table)
quarry stone – substructure (foundation)
steel – tower, choir loft structure, custom-designed furniture
copper – gate
EPDM – roof

Products and Brands
lights Agorà, Palco InOut, Laser Blade XS, Palco Light Up Orbit – iGuzzini\www.iguzzini.com
bench No.2m, everything else lovingly custom-made – RCNKSK\www.rcnksk.com

Additional information
The construction was largely carried out through community effort. The local community and Father René Strouhal contributed a great deal of energy, time, and resources. We would like to thank everyone for their perseverance on this long and often challenging journey to completion. As of this year (2024), the building serves the faithful. However, it is still possible to contribute to the construction of the organ, which will bring sound to the space.

Rammed earth floor video, credits Michal Zvonař:
https://youtu.be/g-6s1tXdW_M?si=fDQTuZt0T_AblIfH

About studio / author
Our architectural studio focuses on all aspects of architecture, from urban planning to intricate details. We create spaces that foster atmosphere and livability, handling projects from initial studies to detailed implementation documentation. We emphasize preserving the original concept across all scales and details of construction.

A variety of projects are undertaken, with the belief that diverse work fosters continual evolution rather than stagnation. Each project is approached individually to avoid routine and conventional design. Durable, timeless materials that withstand the test of time are prioritized. The goal is to find the right aesthetic and technical solutions, balancing quality, functionality, and cost. Traditional craftsmanship is integrated with contemporary technological advancements.

The studio was founded by Filip Kosek and Jan Říčný in 2015, following their collaborative work during their studies at the Academy of Arts and Architecture in Prague.

「Kaple Panny Marie Bolestné v Nesvačilce」RCNKSK 公式サイト
https://www.rcnksk.com/nesvacilka/