ドイツ最大となる木造ハイブリッド建築！

©︎ HG ESCH

©︎ HG ESCH

ドイツのベルリンに建つオフィス複合施設〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン（EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin）〉は、持続可能で気候や資源に配慮したハイブリッド・ティンバー・モジュラー工法で建設された、ドイツ最大、そしてヨーロッパ最大級の木造ハイブリッド建築です。木造トラス構造の天窓屋根の下にはアトリウム空間が広がり、内部に日光を導くことで、四季を通じて暖かく快適な職場環境をつくり出しています。

部材のモジュール化やプレファブリケーション、使用した材料の循環を容易にする資源循環プラットフォームを活用した、リードアーキテクトを務めたTCHOBAN VOSS Architektenと、構造・建築サービスエンジニア兼サステナビリティ・コンサルタントであるBuro Happoldによるプロジェクトです。

農業や水上、遊びまで!?さまざまな要素を取り入れたオフィスビル。働き方が多様化する現代だからこそ新たな付加価値を探求する海外の7つのオフィス建築

（以下、TCHOBAN VOSS Architektenから提供されたプレスキットのテキストの抄訳）

©︎ HG ESCH

ベルリンの主要駅であるズュートクロイツ駅近くに建つ7階建ての2棟の建築〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉は、大規模な木造建築の可能性を示している。

持続可能で気候や資源に配慮したハイブリッド・ティンバー・モジュラー工法で建設されたこの建物は、今後しばらくの間、ドイツ最大、そしてヨーロッパ最大級の木造ハイブリッド建築となる。

©︎ HG ESCH

持続可能性と快適性を統合した新しい都市開発の一環となるプロジェクトである〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉は、木材を使用した建設における持続可能な未来の新たなビジョンを提案している。

このプロジェクトは、大きな「カレ（Carré）」と小さな「ソリティア（Solitaire）」の2棟の建物で構成されている。2棟とも木とコンクリートのモジュラーシステムが採用され、木製の柱とプレファブリケーションの木材を用いたハイブリッド・スラブパネルで構成されている。

©︎ HG ESCH

©︎ HG ESCH

木で構成された光あふれるカレ棟のアトリウム空間

エネルギー供給企業であるヴァッテンフォール（Vattenfall）のオフィスが入居しているカレ棟の中心には、高さ26mの木造トラス構造の天窓屋根の下に広がる1,600m²のアトリウム空間がある。屋根は木材、スチール、透明なETFE膜で構成され、室温を調整し、アトリウムと周囲のオフィス空間に日光を導くことで、四季を通じて暖かく快適な職場環境をつくり出している。

また、オフィスの床から天井までの連続窓、ガラス張りのエントランス・エリア、ラウンジの大きなパノラマ窓も、豊かな日照に貢献しており、人工照明の必要性は最小限に抑えられている。

©︎ HG ESCH

©︎ HG ESCH

階段を支えるキノコのような巨大な柱

アトリウムは、木の幹と樹冠を模した高さの異なる4本の大きな柱で区切られ、階段と上階の通路を支えている。薄板状のトウヒ材の構造は、巨大なキノコに似ている。アトリウムはさらに、コミュニティエリアとフードエリアによって活気づけられている。

いわゆる「ツリー」の樹冠にはレクリエーション用のプラットフォームがあり、最も大きなものは高さ14.87m・直径6.20m、最も低いものは高さ4.28m・直径7.20mというさまざまなレジャーゾーンとコミュニケーションゾーンを形成している。

©︎ HG ESCH

5階には、パノラマ窓と広々とした外部テラスを備えたスカイラウンジがあり、アトリウム空間とオープンにつながっており、オフィスと同様に「木の階段」を通って行くことが可能となっている。支柱、梁、窓、ドアから外装や手すりに至るまで、建物内部のあらゆる部分に木材を使用した。建物の内側の各コーナーには、非常階段とエレベーターを備えたビルディング・コアを配した。

ヴァッテンフォールのための新しいオフィスの開発だけでなく、全体のインテリアデザインコンセプトは、de Winder Architekten Berlinによって実施された。ソリティア棟の1階は飲食、商業、店舗スペース、2階から7階はオフィスとなっており、ここでも木材が建築的、デザイン的要素となっている。

©︎ HG ESCH

モジュール×木材による持続可能な建築

〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉の開発では、当初から持続可能性への全体的なアプローチが重要な鍵を握っていた。このアプローチには、建設にかかる初期炭素コストの削減や建物全体のフットプリントの削減、利用者の快適性への配慮などが含まれる。

このプロジェクトでは、モジュール構造と木材の採用という、大規模で持続可能な建築に不可欠な2つの要素が組み合わされている。

©︎ HG ESCH

そのためTCHOBAN VOSS ArchitektenとBuro Happoldは、オーストリアのドルンビルンを拠点とする木造ハイブリッド建築の専門企業CREE Buildingsが開発したモジュラー・ティンバー・システムを採用した。

木造の支柱と梁が建物全体の垂直荷重を支え、木とハイブリッド・ティンバーの部材は特に内装の耐荷重フレームワークとして使用されており、鉄筋コンクリートの建築部材は防火区画の分離や建物の補強など最小限に抑えた。これらにより従来の鉄筋コンクリート造に比べて建物の重量を最大50％削減することができ、基礎スラブに使用するコンクリートも減らすことが可能となった。

©︎ HG ESCH

「カレ」と「ソリティア」の両棟は、すべての階にフレキシブルなモジュール式のグランドプランを備えており、個々の要望に合わせることができる。また、循環性の問題は非常に早い段階から計画に組み込まれていたため、大規模な解体コンセプトを採用した。

建物の柔軟性と再利用性は特に、耐力壁を使用しないこと、部屋の高さを少なくとも3mにすること、階段の配置をよく考え、技術的な建築設備をゾーニングすることによって確保されている。

©︎ HG ESCH

TCHOBAN VOSS Architektenのパートナーであるセルゲイ・チョバン（Sergei Tchoban）は次のように語る。

「〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉は単なる建物のアンサンブルではない。私にとって、このプロジェクトは新しい考え方のプロトタイプであり、今もそうあり続けている。建物の建設にあたっては、軽量化、つまりCO2排出量をできる限り削減することに重点を置き、同時に建物の美観と自然に対する倫理的なアプローチを融合させた。」

「『ゆりかごからゆりかごまで』の原則に従い、リサイクル可能な材料を使用することに特に重点を置いた。建築部材をプレファブ化し、繰り返し使用できるようにすることで、持続可能な建築システムを実現し、印象的な空間と未来志向の職場環境をつくることができる。」

サーキュラーエコノミーとは？実現のために建築ができること、アダプティブリユース、CLT、3Dプリントなどサーキュラーエコノミーの実現につながる9つの海外プロジェクト

©︎ HG ESCH

建築を構成する部材のその後まで見据えた 資源循環プラットフォームの活用

〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉は、建築資材の循環を目指すオンラインプラットフォーム「Madaster」の材料データベースに100％記録されたドイツ初のプロジェクトである。

建物に組み込まれている材料や製品にマテリアル・パスポートを登録しているため、使用された材料は再利用やリサイクルができる。

©︎ HG ESCH

プレファブ化による効率的な建設プロセス

プレファブ・モジュールの使用は、建設プロセスにさまざまな良い影響を与えた。

壁や天井のモジュールなど木製の部材はプレファブリケーションで製作され、建築現場で組み立て、調整された。これにより、正確な建設スケジュールが確保され、特に時間効率が向上したことにより、経済的な建設工程が実現した。

©︎ HG ESCH

©︎ HG ESCH

〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉は、ドイツ持続可能建築評議会（DGNB）の総合適合評価95.4％という過去最高の評価を獲得し、ドイツで最も持続可能な建築プロジェクトとなった。また、設計品質に対するDGNBダイヤモンド認証を獲得した。この評価は、持続可能性と福祉という全体的な戦略の成功の証である。

このプロジェクトはさらに、人の健康とウェルビーイングに影響を与えるさまざまな機能を測定・評価・認証する評価システム「WELL v2」のプラチナ認証も獲得した。

©︎ HG ESCH

©︎ HG ESCH

Buro Happoldのアソシエイト・ディレクターであるマーティン・エルツェ（Martin Elze）は、〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉の完成が、木造ハイブリッド建築の未来に与える影響を強調する。

「〈EDGE ズュートクロイツ・ベルリン〉のモジュール式木造建築は、構造体を支えるために必要なコンクリートの量を大幅に削減し、持続可能な建築のための実行可能でスケーラブルな代替案を提供する。このプロジェクトは、気候変動という非常事態に対するAEC（建築・土木・建設）業界のさまざまな可能性の1つを示している。」

©︎ HG ESCH

以下、TCHOBAN VOSS Architektenのリリース（英文）です。

EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin
Ensemble of two timber-hybrid office buildings comprising a Carré building, a rectangular building, a basement garage, gastronomic units, and commercial spaces

Address: Hildegard-Knef-Platz 2 and 3, 10829 Berlin

Client: SXB S.à r.l. / EDGE
Floor area: 32,000 sqm
Completion: May 2022
Service stages: 1-4, partly 5, general specifications and creative/design management, BIM

Architect: Sergei Tchoban
Project partners: Stephan Lohre
Team: Julia Angelstorf, Lev Chestakov, Giorgia Fontana, Ulrike Graefenhain, René Hoch, Anastasia Kapustina, Valeria Kashirina, Birgit Koeder, Achim Linde, Fabiana Pedretti, Dennis Petricic, Manuela Peth, Soeren van Ost, Fabio Prada, Anja Schroth, Katharina Stranz, Carolin Trahorsch, Karsten Waldschmidt

Collaborating architects: Service stage 5: granz + zecher architekten GmbH, Berlin
General contractor: ARGE SXB, Suedkreuz Berlin ZECH Bau GmbH, CREE Deutschland GmbH, Rhomberg Systemholzbau GmbH represented by ZECH Bau GmbH, Berlin
Project management: SMV Bauprojektsteuerung Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH, Berlin
Landscaping: service stages 1-4, hochC Landschaftsarchitektur, Berlin; service stage 5, granz + zecher architekten GmbH, Berlin
Structural engineering: Buro Happold GmbH, Berlin; BIT Buero fuer integrale Tragwerksplanung GmbH, Berlin
Building technology: Buro Happold GmbH, Berlin
Sustainability consulting and DGNB/WELL certification: Buro Happold GmbH, Berlin
Interior design: de Winder Architekten GmbH, Berlin
Façade planning: Arup Deutschland GmbH, Berlin
Façades / glass-fibre concrete panels: Rieder Group, Maishofen, Austria
Façades / wall modules: Opitz Holzbau GmbH & Co. KG, Neuruppin
Hybrid ceilings: BWE-Bau Fertigteilwerk GmbH, Lemwerder, thomas allton GmbH, Henningsdorf Solar-shading glazing: MicroShade A/S, Glostrup, Denmark
Roof construction Carré-Atrium metal: Biedenkapp Stahlbau GmbH, Wangen
Roof construction Carré-Atrium Wood / ETFE foil: Temme // Obermeier GmbH, Rosenheim
Trees / Wood: Blumer-Lehmann AG, Gossau, Switzerland
Mullion-transom construction (Entrance, Skylounge): Wipfler Fenster + Fassaden GmbH, Zusmarshausen-Wörleschwang
Wood Mullion-transom construction: Kerto® LVL (structural laminated veneer lumber), Metsä Group, Espoo, Finland

Photographer: HG ESCH

EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin is a seven-storey office complex consisting of two buildings with a total floor area of approximately 32,000 sqm. The complex stands on an approximately 10,100 sqm site and has been built using sustainable, climate- and resource-saving, and modular hybrid-timber construction techniques. The larger of the two freestanding buildings contains approximately 20,000 sqm of floor space. This makes it – for some time to come – the largest hybrid-timber building in Germany and one of the largest in Europe. The German Sustainable Building Council (DGNB) certified the project as Germany’s most sustainable building in 2022. Since summer 2022, it has served as the new German headquarters for the energy supplier Vattenfall.

The area around Berlin Suedkreuz regional, long-distance, and S-Bahn station, part of the so-called ‘Schoeneberger Linse’, is developing into a new urban district with an attractive mix of functions (housing, work, culture, and trade). The new office complex is part of a new urban district. Its planning involved restructuring the area between Sachsendamm, Hedwig-Dohm-Strasse, Hildegard-Knef-Platz, and Lotte- Laserstein-Strasse. The smaller of the two buildings (the ‘Solitaire’) is an elongated freestanding building which continues the line of the façade of the larger office building. The latter is a quadrangle-type structure (the ‘Carré’) with an irregular trapezoidal footprint. The two buildings form a street front facing Hedwig-Dohm- Strasse. In the direction of Südkreuz Station, they create a new urban plaza with green spaces and seating.

The Carré building

The heart of the Carré building is a spacious, light-filled atrium. A two-storey entrance lobby with a clear height of seven metres facing the plaza in front of the building opens up the massive, strictly gridded volume and directs the gaze firmly towards the building’s impressive interior. The 26-metre-high atrium is covered by a transparent ETFE foil roof carried by a wooden-truss construction. The continuous floor-to-ceiling windows in the offices, the glazed entrance area, and the large panoramic window in the building’s lounge additionally contribute to the abundance of daylight.

A central highlight is the four treelike shapes of different heights which grow skywards under the foil roof as if in a greenhouse. Their lamellate spruce-wood structure gives them a resemblance to gigantic mushrooms. At ground level, green islands of tranquillity group themselves around their stems. The atrium is additionally enlivened by community and food areas. The crowns of the so-called ‘Trees’ carry platforms for recreation; these form green leisure and communication zones at various heights. The largest is 14.87 metres high and has a platform with a diameter of 6.20 metres; the lowest is 4.28 metres high with a diameter of 7.20 metres. These structures are linked by filigree steps with white railings, which – on the other side of the classical building core – lead via the platforms to the adjacent floors of offices.

The fifth floor has a sky lounge with panoramic windows and a spacious external terrace. The lounge is openly linked to the atrium space and, like the offices, may be reached on foot via the ‘tree stairs’.

In every part of the building – from the supports, beams, windows, and doors to the claddings and railings – wood is visible in all the interior areas. Each of the building’s inner corners contains a building core with a safety staircase and elevators.

The entire interior design concept as well as the development of the new office worlds for Vattenfall was developed and accompanied in the implementation by de Winder Architekten Berlin.

The ‘Solitaire’ building

The Solitaire building has a two-storey entrance lobby with a clear height of seven metres. Floors 2 to 7 contain offices. The ground floor houses gastronomic, commercial, and retail spaces. Here too wood is a ubiquitous architectural and design element. The building is entered from the new urban plaza. Vertical access is by means of a central core with a safety staircase and two elevators. The landscaped outside space of the lounge on the building’s roof has a garden-like quality.

Both the Carré and the Solitaire building have a flexible modular ground plan on all levels. This can be adapted to individual requirements. With an extensive deconstruction concept, the issue of circularity was integrated into the planning at a very early stage. The flexibility and reusability of the building is ensured, among other things, by avoiding load-bearing interior walls, a room height of at least 3m, a well thought- out arrangement of the staircases and the zoning of the technical building equipment.

The four main pillars of the buildings’ energy supply are sufficiency, efficiency, combined heat and power and load management. In the process, conditions were created to sensitise the users to a conscious, efficient use of energy. The office spaces are air-conditioned by suspended smart ceilings. A sufficient amount of daylight in the offices minimises the need for artificial lighting.

The two buildings in the office complex share a basement garage with 218 e-mobility spaces for tenants. The bicycle room contains approximately 100 bicycle places, including for e-bikes; there are 32 additional spaces in outside areas.

The office areas as well as the associated ancillary and circulation areas are barrier-free, and all outdoor areas are also designed to be accessible.

The façades

The façades have a regular grid consisting of weather-resistant glass-fibre concrete panels. The grid is articulated by horizontal strips and coloured vertical panels. Pylons structure the façades vertically. Glass-fibre pilasters visually reinforce the socle section. The rhythmic façades have a restrained colour scheme which has been chosen individually for each of the two buildings. Two different shades were selected for each façade. In the case of the Carré the colours are Sahara sand for the horizontal strips and terracotta for the vertical structures. The reveals are visually set apart by their silver-grey colour. The Solitaire has corresponding colours: Sahara sand for horizontal elements, silver-grey for vertical elements. The two buildings enter into direct dialogue with one another through their colours and dimensions.

The sustainable façade elements of the two buildings weigh only 30 kg per sqm and are also recyclable. In addition, the façade absorbs CO2 from the air due to the thinly ground cement top layer and thus has a decarbonising effect.

The glass bays with fixed glazing and MicroShade solar protection additionally accentuate the façades; these are one-storey in the case of the Solitaire building and two-storey in the case of the Carré. The remaining windows are fitted with anti-glare protection and external sun protectors.

Hybrid-timber construction

The construction of the buildings focused on reducing the CO2 footprint as much as possible, especially the weight of the complex, and on using sustainable materials that can be recycled according to the cradle-to- cradle principle. EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin is the first project in Germany to be recorded for the building construction with a 100% match on the MADASTER material database. It has a material passport that allows the materials used to be reused and recycled.

The use of prefabricated modules had a positive impact on various aspects of the construction process. The wooden elements, such as wall and ceiling modules, were prefabricated, then assembled and adjusted on the building site. This ensured a precise construction schedule and an especially time-efficient and accordingly economical construction process. The wall elements were made regionally in Neuruppin; the ceiling elements, in Lemwerder and Henningsdorf. Altogether, 1190 wood-hybrid ceiling elements, carried by 1280 glulam façade supports, and 445 multibox wall elements with a total area of 16,000 sqm were made.

The natural material wood is everywhere in the interior and office spaces and makes an important contribution to a lastingly healthy indoors climate for users. Wood possesses a high heat-storage capacity but limited thermal conductivity. Existing heat is retained for longer in the room than heat from other construction materials. The delayed cooling reduces the amount of energy required. Wood is also lighter and more energy- efficient to transport than mineral construction materials. This project used approximately 3500 cbm of PEFC- certified spruce.

Through the intelligent combination of wood with concrete, the modular hybrid solution from CREE-Buildings can save up to 50 % CO2 per sqm of floor area. Low construction weight, short shell construction times, high reliability in planning and costs, and long durability are other advantages of this construction method. The construction materials used in EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin are extensively recyclable using the principle of cradle- to-cradle recycling. Reinforced-concrete construction elements were kept to a minimum, being used for fire compartment separation or to stiffen the building. Wood and hybrid-timber elements were installed as the load- bearing framework, especially in the interior; concrete was used for the foundations and basement. The wooden supports and beams carry the building’s overall vertical loads. Compared to conventional reinforced concrete construction, the weight of the building could be reduced by up to 50 % through the timber hybrid construction. This also reduced the use of concrete for the foundation slab, which had an additional positive effect on this new office complex’s CO2 balance.

The stairs in the atrium of the Carré are designed as a metal construction in order to avoid unnecessary material consumption with high timber cross-sections and costly metal substructure. The design of the components responds directly to the strengths and qualities of the respective materials and promotes the saving of the resources used and reduces the weight of the components. The roof structure weighs only
45 kg per sqm due to the specially developed metal nodes, the ETFE foil as well as the filigree wooden components, and ensures greater lighting in the atrium below thanks to narrower cross-sections. At the same time, the roof construction can withstand wind loads of up to 100 kg, as each bar can not only bear tensile but also compressive forces.

Certificates

EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin received the DGNB Platinum certificate with the highest score ever achieved in Germany of 95.4%. In addition, the ensemble was certified with DGNB Diamond for its outstanding design and architectural quality. The project has furthermore received a WELL v2 Platinum certification.

———————-

「Buro Happold – press release」

TCHOBAN VOSS ARCHITEKTEN AND BURO HAPPOLD COMPLETE CONSTRUCTION OF EDGE SUEDKREUZ BERLIN

Berlin, 15 November 2022

• Two seven-storey buildings near Berlin’s major Südkreuz train station demonstrate the potential of large-scale timber construction.
• EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin is the largest freestanding wood-hybrid project in Germany and one of the largest in Europe.
• Buro Happold’s work on structural engineering, building services and sustainability for the project proposes a new standard for working towards carbon neutrality with renewable and sustainable materials.

EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin offers a new vision of a sustainable future for construction with timber. The project consists of two buildings: the larger Carré and the smaller Solitaire. A modular wood and concrete system was used for construction, comprising timber columns and prefabricated timber- hybrid slab panels. Located opposite the Südkreuz station, one of Berlin’s major transport hubs, the project is part of a new urban development that integrates sustainability with livability.

The Carré building houses office spaces for the energy company Vattenfall. An atrium forms the heart of the building and contains 1,600 square metres of space under a soaring timber-lattice skylight roof. The atrium is punctuated by four large columns that mimic the trunk and canopy form of a tree and support a network of staircases and upper-level walkways. The roof is constructed from timber, steel and lightweight ETFE cushions that regulate temperature and filter daylight into the atrium and the surrounding offices, creating a warm, comfortable working environment in all seasons. The building’s fifth floor features a solid wood loggia, supported by 1.5-metre-high trusses and a cross-laminated timber ceiling.

A holistic approach to sustainability was key to the development of EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin from the very beginning. This approach encompassed a reduction of the upfront carbon costs involved in construction and in the building’s overall footprint, as well as careful consideration of the well- being of users. The project combines modular construction with a reliance on timber, two elements that are essential to building sustainably at a large scale. TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten and Buro Happold worked with a modular timber system developed by CREE Buildings, a firm specializing in wood-hybrid construction based in Dornbirn, Austria. The use of this system means that the timber-hybrid structure weighs as much as 50% less than a standard structure, which kept the foundation requirements low.

EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin received an overall DGNB compliance rating of 95.4%, making it the most sustainable architecture project in Germany. It also received the DGNB Diamond award for design quality. This recognition confirms the successful implementation of the holistic strategy of sustainability and well-being.

Martin Elze, Associate Director, Buro Happold, Berlin, emphasizes the implications of EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin’s completion for the future of wood-hybrid construction: “The modular timber construction of EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin radically reduces the amount of concrete necessary for structural support and offers a viable, scalable alternative for building sustainably. The project demonstrates one of various possible responses for the AEC industry to climate emergency.”

Sergei Tchoban, Partner, TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten, “EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin is not just an ensemble of buildings. For me, the project is and remains a prototype of a new way of thinking. In the construction of the buildings, the focus was on reducing the weight and thus the CO2 footprint as much as possible, while at the same time combining the aesthetics of the building with an ethical approach to nature. Special emphasis was placed on using materials that can be recycled according to the cradle-to-cradle principle. The prefabrication of the building components and their possible repeated use ensure a sustainable building system that makes it possible to create impressive spaces and future-oriented working environments.”

PROJECT INFORMATION
Name: EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin
Location: Berlin, Germany
Client: SXB S.à r.l. / EDGE
Team: TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten (lead architect), Buro Happold (structural engineer, building services engineer, sustainability consultant), CREE Buildings (modular wood-hybrid construction specialist)

Buro Happold is an international, integrated consultancy of engineers, consultants and advisers, with a presence in 31 locations worldwide, over 70 partners and 2,200 employees. For over 45 years Buro Happold has built a world-class reputation for delivering creative, value-led solutions for an ever-challenging world. Always driven by guiding principles of mutual respect and working collaboratively with clients, Buro Happold values sustainability and equity above all else, creating better outcomes for clients and communities.

「EDGE Suedkreuz Berlin」TCHOBAN VOSS Architekten 公式サイト

https://tchobanvoss.de/project/show/EN/69050975-2f2d-5ebb-99f4-d37e50b0934f