世界的なコレクションを「見せる」収蔵庫

©Ossip van Duivenbode

（以下、MVRDVから提供されたテキストの抄訳）

中世から現代アートまで、15万点を超えるアートコレクションを持つオランダのボイマンス・ファン・ベーニンゲン美術館。そのコレクションを収蔵しつつ「見せる」、MVRDVが設計した収蔵庫〈デポ・ボイマンス・ヴァン・ベーニンゲン〉がオープンしました。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

美術館改修にともなう計画

ボイマンス氏が自身のアートコレクションをロッテルダムに寄付したことから始まり、170年間で151,000点を超える美までに成長した、ボイマンス・ファン・ベーニンゲン美術館のアートコレクション。中世の絵画に始まり、写真、映像、彫刻、インスタレーションといった現代美術にもおよぶ、世界的に有名なコレクションです。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

ボイマンス・ファン・ベーニンゲン美術館は現在、大規模な改修のため、2028年まで閉館されています。その全コレクションを収蔵するために建てられたのが、〈デポ・ボイマンス・ヴァン・ベーニンゲン〉です。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

世界初の「見せる」収蔵庫

美術館地下の保管庫は長年の利用から安全性にかける状態であり、そのため外部施設にて保管する必要から、「見せる」収蔵庫〈デポ・ボイマンス・ヴァン・ベーニンゲン〉が計画されました。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

一般的な美術館ではコレクションの6〜10％程が展示されるのに対し、〈デポ・ボイマンス・ヴァン・ベーニンゲン〉では、すべてのコレクションを可視化します。この「1つの建物内で全コレクションを一般公開する」という試みは世界初です。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

すべての面が正面になり、環境に溶け込むデザイン

MVRDVが目指したのは、どの面からも訪れる人を歓迎するデザインでした。そのため、建物には背面がなく、どの面からも同じように魅力的に見えるよう、卵形のフォルムが選ばれました。デポのくびれた形状は、敷地への影響を減らすためのものです。そのため、建物は上へいくにつれて外側に膨らみ、プログラム全体を収容するために10mのオーバーハングを有しています。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

最も目を引く1,664枚のパネルに分割された6,609m²の反射板は、この建物が周囲の環境と視覚的に一体化することを意図しており、天候によって、毎日違った表情を見せます。

©Aad Hoogendoorn

©Ossip van Duivenbode

内部には階段が交差するアトリウムがあり、約35mの高さにある屋上には「森林」があります。
屋上の白樺の木、草、松は、保水性、生物多様性を育み、都市のヒートストレスを軽減するのに役立っています。このプロジェクトに使用された木は、苗床で3年間かけて特別に育てられたもので、根が連動しているため、このような露出した高さでも、荒天に耐えることができます。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

〈デポ・ボイマンス・ヴァン・ベーニンゲン〉では、展示されている状態だけでなく、美術品の保存や修復の過程、輸送や梱包の様子も見学することができます。美術品に囲まれながら、ガラスの階段室を通り、5つの大きなジグザグ階段で上へ上へと導かれます。

©Aad Hoogendoorn

©Aad Hoogendoorn

美術品は包装されていたり、ラックに吊るされていたり、キャビネットに陳列されていたり、アトリウムに吊るされた13の展示ケースに展示されます。版画、ドローイング、写真は密閉された空間で保管されますが、これらのコレクションは、来館者がリクエストすることで鑑賞することができます。映画・ビデオコレクションは、特別な映写室で鑑賞することができます。

©Aad Hoogendoorn

©Ossip van Duivenbode

©Ossip van Duivenbode

©Ossip van Duivenbode

収蔵だけではない商業的な機能

〈デポ・ボイマンス・ヴァン・ベーニンゲン〉は美術館の収蔵庫としてだけでなく、商業的な機能も果たします。
建物の一部を個人コレクターや企業コレクション、他の美術館の美術品の保管スペースとして貸し出し、そのスペースを一般に開放することができます。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

©Ossip van Duivenbode

また、エレベーターでアクセスできる高さ約35mに位置する6階からは、ロッテルダム市街の眺望を楽しむことができます。6階には屋上庭園や、イベント等で使用できるスペース、ジム・デヨングがエグゼクティブシェフとして監修するレストランがあります。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

©Ossip van Duivenbode

環境への配慮

美術品を適切に収蔵するには、金属、プラスチック、有機・無機、モノクロ・カラー写真など、それぞれの素材に適した5つの温度帯に合わせる必要があります。そのため、室内環境の調節には精密さが要求され、多くのエネルギーを消費します。

©Ossip van Duivenbode

この建物は、美術品に最適な環境を用意すると同時に、可能な限りエネルギー効率を高めるよう設計されています。LED照明、地中熱交換器、ソーラーパネル、革新的な空調システム、屋上庭園とトイレの水を供給する雨水貯留庫など、可能な限り持続可能な素材を採用しています。

収蔵庫を「見せる」ことで、新たなプログラムが生まれる、面白い取り組み！

©Ossip van Duivenbode

©Ossip van Duivenbode

Diagram

Plan

Section

Sustainability Diagram

以下、MVRDVのリリース（英文）です。

Press factsheet

The world-famous art collection of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen has over a period of 170 years grown to include more than 151,000 artefacts: 63,000 paintings, photographs, films, pre-industrial design and design objects, contemporary art installations and sculptures, as well as 88,000 prints and drawings. The collection offers a journey through the history of art, from the Middle Ages to the 21st century. This vast collection is highly diverse, is highly respected around the world and is unique within the Netherlands. The entire collection will now be housed in the freshly completed Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen.

Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen

The celebrated Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen in Rotterdam is currently closed for a large-scale renovation and refurbishment. The museum building has been in need of maintenance for many years and could not continue in its present state, because of asbestos, risk of flooding, outdated technical installations and inadequate fire safety measures. Mecanoo was appointed as renovation architect in February 2020 and the refurbished museum is expected to open its doors in 2028.

Closed or accessible to the public?

The art depots in the cellar of Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen were unsafe, overfull and outdated. Over recent years these have been emptied and the art has been stored in five off-site depots. Storing the precious collection of more than 151,000 artefacts with a value of more than €8 billion in the museum’s basement was not an option; the only solution was an external storage facility.. The museum’s preference – with the financial support of Rotterdam City Council and the philanthropic foundation Stichting De Verre Bergen – was to construct a publicly accessible depot adjacent to the museum building in the centre of Rotterdam. Unlike a closed storage facility on an industrial estate, this means that the entire collection will be accessible to the public under one roof. This is a world first.

Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen

The world’s first publicly accessible art depot will open its doors in November 2021 at the Museumpark in Rotterdam. Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen offers a glimpse behind the scenes of the museum world and makes the whole art collection publicly accessible. Museums around the world usually display just six to ten percent of their collections; the remaining 90-plus percent is hidden in storage. Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen is breaking with this tradition of concealment and will make all

these invisible artefacts visible. In a unique and iconic reflective building, specially designed by MVRDV to meet the requirements of this unprecedented building type, all 151,000 artefacts will be afforded a worthy place in the heart of the city. Visitors are immersed in the world behind the scenes of a museum and experience what maintaining and caring for an invaluable art collection actually entails. The 39.5-metre-high mirrored building with its rooftop woodland and panoramic vista will be a new icon for Rotterdam.

The depot’s design

MVRDV’s ambition was to design a highly inviting building where visitors feel welcome and at the same time leave the gateway to the Museumpark intact. The choice fell on an ovoid form so that the depot is equally inviting on all sides, the building has no back. The depot’s cinched shape is due to the relatively small footprint. The building therefore bulges outwards as it rises and has an overhang of 10 metres in order to accommodate the whole programme: depots, restoration studios, hospitality, projection and presentation spaces. The reflective edifice, comprising 6,609 squares metres of glass subdivided into 1,664 panels, ensures that the structure is visually integrated into its surroundings. Depending on the weather the depot looks different, like a tableau vivant, every single day. The eye-catcher in MVRDV’s design is the atrium with its intersecting stairs and the rooftop ‘woodland’ at an elevation of almost 35 metres. The birch trees, grasses and pines on the roof help to retain water, foster biodiversity and reduce the hittestress heat stress in the city. The trees for this project were specially cultivated at a nursery for three years: their root systems are interlocked so that they can withstand stormy weather, even at such an exposed height.

A depot accessible to the public

Visitors to Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen can browse among more than 151,000 artefacts, independently or with a guide – you can join a group for free throughout the day. The public can also observe conservation and restoration processes, transportation and packaging of works of art. Surrounded by art, visitors are led upwards through the glass stairwell via five large zigzag stairways that are reminiscent of work by Giovanni Piranesi. The works of art are stored as efficiently as possible, in a manner similar to in a closed depot. Artefacts stand wrapped, hanging from a rack, displayed in a cabinet or exhibited in one of the 13 display cases that are suspended in the atrium. Prints, drawings and photographs will be stored in enclosed spaces, but visitors can submit requests to view works from these collections. The film and video collection can be viewed in special projection rooms.

The depot’s commercial function

Alongside the depot’s role as the museum’s engine room, it will also serve a commercial function. Part of the building can be rented as storage space for the art of private collectors, corporate collections or other museums, which can in turn open up these spaces for the public. The sixth floor, accessible via an express lift, is situated at a height of about 35 metres and offers breathtaking vistas across the city of Rotterdam. The rooftop garden includes a pavilion with an events space that is available for rent and a daytime/evening restaurant overseen by Jim de Jong as executive chef.

An environmentally friendly depot

The art will be exhibited according to climatic requirements, rather than artistic movement or era. Each storage space is provided with a specific climate that is maintained by a climate control system. There are five different climate zones, suited to works of art produced with different materials: metal, plastic, organic/inorganic, black-and-white and colour photography. This method of storing the art collection calls for specific climatic conditions in which the air is not overly cold, warm, humid or dry. The regulation of this climate requires precision and consumes lots of energy. The building has been designed to provide optimal conditions for the art while being as energy-efficient as possible. Where possible, sustainable materials are being employed: the building has led lighting, a geothermal heat exchanger, solar panels, an innovative system for climate control, and rainwater storage that supplies water for the rooftop garden and toilet facilities.

Cooperation

Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen is a collaboration between Boijmans Van Beuningen, the municipality of Rotterdam and Stichting De Verre Bergen. This Rotterdam based philanthropic foundation invests in social programs to create long term positive impact on the city of Rotterdam. The depot was designed by the architectural firm MVRDV and built by BAM Bouw en Techniek. With the investment in the depot, the partners look forward to strengthening the cultural capital of the city and making the collection accessible.

Facts and figures Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen

• Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen opens to the public on 6 November 2021
• The first publicly accessible art depot in the world
• Space for 151,000 artefacts from the Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen collection
• Designed by Winy Maas, co-founder of the architecture firm MVRDV
• Ground level and six floors for art storage – with a restaurant, roof garden and panoramic view on the 6th floor
• 39.5 metres tall, with a roof terrace at an elevation of about 35 metres
• Building’s diameter: 40 metres at its base expanding to 60 metres at the top, with 15,541 square metres of floor area
• 5 different climate zones
• 4 professional restoration studios
• Some 1,600 square metres of depot space for rent, intended for private collectors
• Edifice: 6,609 square metres of glass, divided into 1,664 mirrors
• Depot opening hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11:00 – 18:00
• Restaurant opening hours: Tuesday – Sunday, 11:00 – late (kitchen closes at 22:00)
• The 6th floor and the rooftop terrace can be accessed without an entrance ticket using the express lift from 17:00 through to closing time
• The rooftop garden is shaded by 75 multi-stemmed birch trees and 20 pine trees

Location
Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen Museumpark Rotterdam
The Netherlands
Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen is situated in the Museumpark, a 10-minute walk from Rotterdam’s Central Station. There are many other cultural institutions in the vicinity: Museum Boijmans Van Beuningen, Kunsthal Rotterdam, Het Nieuwe Instituut, the Chabot Museum, Rotterdam’s Natural History Museum and the Sonneveld House.

「Depot Boijmans Van Beuningen」MVRDV公式サイト

https://www.mvrdv.nl/projects/10/depot-boijmans-van-beuningen