3Dプリント×木造のバイオフィリックな住空間

Photographs: Casey Dunn

さまざまな3Dプリント建築プロジェクトを展開する、建設テクノロジー企業ICONが最新の3Dプリント住宅〈House Zero〉を発表しました。

テキサス州オースティンに建設された〈House Zero〉、設計はサステナブルデザインを手がけるLake|Flatoが担当しています。

（以下、ICONから提供されたプレスキットのテキストの抄訳）

ICON’s House Zero – 3D-printed Home Pushing Boundaries of Sustainable Architecture & Design

Photographs: Casey Dunn

3Dプリントを活用したサステナビリティ

〈House Zero〉は、ICONの次世代建築システム「Vulcan」で3Dプリントされ建設されています。
レジリエンスとサステナビリティに加え、アディティブ・マニュファクチャリングの可能性を備えた、高度な建設とエネルギー効率の良いデザインが特徴です。

壁にはそれ自体がサーマルマス（蓄熱体）として機能するICON独自のセメント系材料「ラバクリート（Lavacrete）」を使用しています。さらに断熱材を付加した気密性の高い壁とすることでエネルギー効率を高め、ライフサイクルコストを削減します。

Photographs: Casey Dunn

テクノロジーと自然的なもの

〈House Zero〉のデザインの背景にはバイオフィリック（人間の持つ“自然とつながりたい”という本能的欲求）があり、ICONの3Dプリント技術によって実現しています。曲面の壁は構造的に効率の良い自己安定性を生み、丸みを帯びた角はソフトで自然な動線をつくります。また、東向きの高窓はリビングルームを柔らかく照らし、照明の必要性を最小限に抑えます。

Photographs: Casey Dunn

3Dプリント壁以外の構造部材や内装部材においても建設のスピードと効率を最大化するためプレハブ化を活用し、プロジェクトのあらゆる側面で自動化が検討されています。

「3Dプリントコンクリートの有機的な壁は、私たちにとって新しいデザイン言語でしたが、〈House Zero〉は私たちが建築に求める『自然とのつながり』を満たしています。この住宅は、私たちが共有する創造への情熱を、3Dプリントという新しい建築方法に注ぎ建設された、魅力的で快適な住宅です。」（Lake|Flato　アシュリー・ヒーレン）

©︎ICON

©︎ICON

©︎ICON

以下、ICONのリリース（英文）です。

ICON’s House Zero

Located in East Austin, “House Zero,” was 3D printed by ICON’s next-gen Vulcan construction system and designed by Lake|Flato, known for their sustainable designs. Blending mid-century modernist ranch house aesthetics, the home features an elevated architectural and energy efficient design that highlights the benefits of resiliency and sustainability, with the digital possibilities of additive construction.

“House Zero is ground zero for the emergence of entirely new design languages and architectural vernaculars that will use robotic construction to deliver the things we need most from our housing: comfort, beauty, dignity, sustainability, attainability, and hope,” said Jason Ballard, co-founder and CEO of ICON. “Houses like this are only possible with 3D printing, and this is the new standard of what 3D printing can mean for the world.  My hope is that this home will provoke architects, developers, builders, and homeowners to dream alongside ICON about the exciting and hopeful future that robotic construction, and specifically 3D printing, makes possible. The housing of our future must be different from the housing we have known.”

The innovative home, a 2,000+ sq-ft, 3 bedroom/2.5 bath home and a 350 sq-ft, a 1 bedroom/1 bath accessory dwelling unit, features ICON’s resilient 3D-printed wall system, which replaces a building system traditionally made up of multiple steps saving time, waste and cost. The walls of the home are made with a proprietary cementitious-based material, “Lavacrete,” insulation, and steel for reinforcing. Lavacrete provides thermal mass that slows heat transfer into the home and the combination of thermal mass, increased insulation, and an airtight wall increases the energy efficiency and reduces lifecycle costs.

Biophilic principles—the way that humans connect with nature and nature-inspired compositions —are behind much of “House Zero’s” design and best accomplished using ICON’s next-generation 3D-printing technology. The curved walls create structurally efficient self-stability, while rounded corners allow for softer, more naturalistic circulation routes throughout the home. Doorways and windows were strategically placed to accentuate accompanying landscapes; eastern-facing high clerestory windows illuminate the living room with soft, yet dynamic sunlight, minimizing the need for electrical lighting throughout the day.

“The 3D-printed wall design and its inherent biophilic quality conveys an ordered, yet non-rigid pattern invoking a rooted and timeless sense of natural refuge,” said Lewis McNeel, Associate Partner, Lake|Flato.

“While the organic nature of the 3D-printed concrete and curved walls are new design languages for us, House Zero was still entirely in line with the natural connections we seek in our architecture,” said Ashley Heeren, Associate, Lake|Flato. “The home expresses our shared passions for craft and performance in an inviting and comfortable family home constructed through a totally new way of building. It’s been a thrill for our team to work with ICON on such an innovative home design and be a part of the future of homebuilding.”

ICON continues to set new standards for delivering resilient, dignified housing at high-speed and lower cost. Raising $451 million to date in funding, ICON has delivered communities of 3D-printed homes in the U.S. and internationally and forged partnerships with world-renowned architects, builders and housing organizations missionally aligned to shift the paradigm of homebuilding. In fall 2020, ICON was awarded a research contract through the Air Force, which included funding from NASA to begin research and development of an off-world construction system planned to support future exploration of the Moon and beyond.

「HOUSE ZERO」ICON公式サイト

https://www.iconbuild.com/updates/icon-unveils-house-zero-and-announces-2022-sxsw-activations

Lake|Flato公式サイト

https://www.lakeflato.com/